T F 1. Effective Group Discussion urges small groups to
reach decisions as civilly as possible by suppressing arguments.
T F 2. For some types of issues, having one member make
a decision can be better than having the group decide.
T F 3. The advantage groups usually have over individuals
in making decisions on complex issues comes more from the combined knowledge
of the members than from the interaction process.
T F 4. Rules about decision making affect the quality
of choices made by a small group.
T F 5. An advantage of making decisions by majority vote
is that the intrinsic fairness of the procedure leaves no dissatisfied
members.
T F 6. The guidelines for reaching decisions by consensus
rule out such conflict-reducing techniques as coin tossing and averaging.
T F 7. The orientation phase is the period of time during
which members of a small group develop shared knowledge and interpretation
of facts relevant to a choice they will make.
T F 8. "Consensus" and "unanimous" are synonyms.
T F 9. Poole disagrees with Fisher that small groups
making decisions almost always pass through four phases.
T F 10. Most events are caused by a single preceding
cause.
T F 11. To present most choices as "either this or that"
is to commit a logical fallacy.
T F 12. To claim that public executions would reduce
violent crimes in the United States because public executions have reduced
violent crimes in Syria would be a valid analogy.
T F 13. Effective Group Discussion says that the United
States has cultural traditions more conducive to making group decisions
than any other major nation.
T F 14. Fisher made observations of experienced intact
groups (not experimental groups of college students) from which he generated
his four phase model of decision making.
T F 15. Effective Group Discussion says that a spiral-like
movement, with cycling between discussion of the problem and of the solution,
is normal for small groups engaged in decision making discussions.
T F 16. Many consensus decisions involve compromises
among group members.
T F 17. "The population of the United States will reach
300,000,000 by the year 2020" is a statement of fact.
T F 18. "On February 20, 1993, Senator Ralph Rogue said
that the population of the United States would reach 300,000,000 by the
year 2020" is a statement of fact.
T F 19. How a survey is conducted can greatly affect
the magnitude of statistics such as "average income" and "percentage rise
in the cost of medical care."
T F 20. Groups tend to make either more risky or conservative
decisions than the average of decisions made by the members acting alone.
T F 21. To achieve superior decisions, a group needs
members that have excellent reasoning skills.
T F 22. Hirokawa says that the more complex the task
facing a group, the more impact the communication process will have on
the quality of the decision reached.
23. During the phase called "decision emergence," a decision
is reached by
A. voting.
B. consensus.
C. the leader for the group.
D. applying criteria systematically.
E. compromise.
24. Bales and Strodtbeck reported fording three major
phases from the time a group began talking about the need to make a decision
until the decision had been reached. They called these stages
A. introduction, discussion, and conclusion.
B. initiation, orientation, and evaluation.
C. information, evaluation, and convergence.
D. orientation, evaluation, and control.
E. orientation, discussion, and evaluation.
25. Fisher used interaction analysis to discover four
phases in decision making by groups, which he called
A. orientation, conflict, decision emergence, and reinforcement.
B. orientation, evaluation, decision, and confirmation.
C. initiation, information, conflict, and reinforcement.
D. formation, development, evaluating, and decision emergence.
E. formation, orientation, evaluating, emergence.
26. During the REINFORCEMENT state of a decision-making
procedure,
A. a lot of primary tension is released.
B. the decision is restated by every member.
C. implementation of the decision is worked out.
D. members confirm and compliment each other.
E. all the other answers are true.
27. Which statements presents a false dilemma?
A. A normal human is either male or female.
B. If you turn left, the road dead ends, but if you turn
right the bridge is out.
C. A person is either ethical or unethical, moral or
immoral.
D. Your name is either on the class list or not on it.
E. A person is either a citizen or the U.S. or not.
28. An advantage of deciding by MAJORITY vote of members
is that
A. this is the American way.
B. a majority is almost always right.
C. group cohesiveness is increased.
D. the decision can be made quickly.
E. usually evveryone works to implement the decision.
29. "Assembly effect" means that
A. a group decision is superior to that of the best individual
member or an average of member individual choices.
B. members combine their critical thinking to produce
superior decisions.
C. members put their information together to produce
a superior decision.
D. several persons work cooperatively to create something.
30. To second guess a solution or option that has been
tentatively decided upon by a group is to
A. ask an expert to evaluate the option for the group.
B. figure out how to apply the option to the problem.
C. guess what might go wrong if the option were put into
effect.
D. have every member vote on the option by secret ballot,
and if anyone casts a negative vote find out why.
E. reevaluate the information and thinking that led to
the tentative choice of the option.